09-240/Term Test

09-240/Navigation Panel   Additions to the MAT 240 web site no longer count towards good deed points # Week of... Notes and Links 1 Sep 7 Tue, About, Thu 2 Sep 14 Tue, HW1, HW1 Solution, Thu 3 Sep 21 Tue, HW2, HW2 Solution, Thu, Photo 4 Sep 28 Tue, HW3, HW3 Solution, Thu 5 Oct 5 Tue, HW4, HW4 Solution, Thu, 6 Oct 12 Tue, Thu 7 Oct 19 Tue, HW5, HW5 Solution, Term Test on Thu 8 Oct 26 Tue, Why LinAlg?, HW6, HW6 Solution, Thu 9 Nov 2 Tue, MIT LinAlg, Thu 10 Nov 9 Tue, HW7, HW7 Solution Thu 11 Nov 16 Tue, HW8, HW8 Solution, Thu 12 Nov 23 Tue, HW9, HW9 Solution, Thu 13 Nov 30 Tue, On the final, Thu S Dec 7 Office Hours F Dec 14 Final on Dec 16 To Do List The Algebra Song! Register of Good Deeds Misplaced Material Add your name / see who's in!

Announcement

Our one and only Term Test is coming up. It will take place in class on Thursday October 22 2009, starting promptly at 1:10PM and ending at 3:00PM sharp, in our normal classroom, MP103. It will consist of 4-5 questions (each may have several parts) on everything that will be covered in class by October 16: the axiomatic definition of fields and some basic properties of fields, ${\mathbb {C} }$ and other examples, a tiny bit on the field with $p$ elements $F_{p}$, the axiomatic definition of vector spaces, basic properties and examples of vector spaces, spans, linear combinations and linear equations, linear dependence and independence, bases, the replacement lemma and its consequences, a bit about linear transformations and a few smaller topics that we touched but that do not deserve their own headers.

Note that there may be some computations, but nothing that will require a calculator. Note also that I may include some questions from the homework assignments verbatim or nearly verbatim.

Will there be "proof questions"?

Sure. What else have we done so far?

Do we need to know the proofs from class?

Sure. There's a reason why these proofs are in class to start with; if they weren't valuable, we wouldn't have covered them.

No electronic devices capable of displaying text or sounding speech will be allowed.

In style and spirit this exam will not be very different of the one I gave 3 years ago. See 06-240/Term Test.

The Test

Front Page

Do not turn this page until instructed.

Math 240 Algebra I - Term Test

University of Toronto, October 22, 2009

Solve the 5 problems on the other side of this page.

Each of the problems is worth 20 points.

You have an hour and 50 minutes.

Notes.

• No outside material other than stationary and a basic calculator is allowed.
• We will have an hour of discussion time right after this test.
• The final exam date was posted by the faculty --- it will take place on Wednesday December 16 from 9AM until noon at room BN2S of the Clara Benson Building, 320 Huron Street (south west of Harbord cross Huron, home of the Faculty of Physical Education and Health).

Good Luck!

Questions Page

Solve the following 5 problems. Each of the problems is worth 20 points. You have an hour and 50 minutes.

Problem 1. Let $V$ be a vector space over a field $F$, let $c\in F$ and let $v\in V$. Prove that if $cv=0$, then either $c=0$ or $v=0$.

Problem 2.

1. In the field ${\mathbb {C} }$ of complex numbers, compute

$4i(1+i)$      and     ${\frac {4i}{1+i}}$.

(To be precise, "compute" means "write in the form $a+ib$, where $a,b\in {\mathbb {R} }$").

1. In the field ${\mathbb {C} }$ of complex numbers, find an element $z$ so that $z^{2}=2i$.
2. In the 11-element field $F_{11}$ of remainders modulo 11, find

all solutions of the equation $x^{2}=-2$.

Problem 3. Let $V$ be a vector space and let $W_{1}$ and $W_{2}$ be subspaces of $V$. Prove that $W_{1}\cup W_{2}$ is a subspace of $V$ iff $W_{1}\subset W_{2}$ or $W_{2}\subset W_{1}$.

Problem 4. Let $u_{1},\ldots ,u_{n}$ be vectors in a vector space over the field with two element $F_{2}$. Show that the number of elements in the set ${\mbox{Span}}\{u_{1},\dots ,u_{n}\}$ is equal to $2^{n}$ if and only if $u_{1},\ldots ,u_{n}$ are linearly independent..

Problem 5. Find a polynomial $f\in P_{3}({\mathbb {R} })$ that satisfies $f(-1)=5$, $f(0)=4$, $f(1)=3$, and $f(2)=8$.

Good Luck!

[print]

The Results

99 students took the term test. Before appeals, the average grade was 64.41 and the standard deviation was 23.79.

The results are quite similar to what I expected them to be. The easiest questions (on average) were the computational ones, the hardest were the ones involving proofs.

How should you read your grade?

• If you got 100 you should pat yourself on your shoulder and feel good.
• If you got something like 95, you're doing great. You made a few relatively minor mistakes; find out what they are and try to avoid them next time.
• If you got something like 80 you're doing fine but you did miss something significant, probably more than just a minor thing. Figure out what it was and make a plan to fix the problem for next time.
• If you got something like 60 you should be concerned. You are still in position to improve greatly and get an excellent grade at the end, but what you missed is quite significant and you are at the risk of finding yourself far behind. You must analyze what happened - perhaps it was a minor mishap, but more likely you misunderstood something major or something major is missing in your background. Find out what it is and try to come up with a realistic strategy to overcome the difficulty!
• If you got something like 35, most likely you are not gaining much from this class and you should consider dropping it, unless you are convinced that you fully understand the cause of your difficulty (you were very sick, you really couldn't study at all for the two weeks before the exam because of some unusual circumstances, something like that) and you feel confident you have a fix for next time. If you do decide to drop the class, don't feel too bad about it. It is the hardest first year algebra class at UofT and of the thousands of students taking math here, very few come with sufficient preparation to do well in it.

Note that problems with writing are problems, period. Perhaps you got a low grade but you feel you know the material enough for a high grade only you didn't write everything you know or you didn't it write well enough or the silly graders simply didn't get what you wrote (and it isn't a simple misunderstanding - see "appeals" below). If this describes you, don't underestimate your problem. If you don't process and resolve it, it is likely to recur.

Appeals.

Remember! Grading is a difficult process and mistakes always happen - solutions get misread, parts are forgotten, grades are not added up correctly. You must read your exam and make sure that you understand how it was graded. If you disagree with anything, don't hesitate to complain! Your first stop should be the person who graded the problem in question, and only if you can't agree with him you should appeal to Dror.

Problem 1 was graded by Dror problems 2 and 3 were graded by Alan Lai and problems 4 and 5 were graded by Nevena Francetic.

The deadline to start the appeal process is Thursday November 5 at 4PM.

Solution Set

Students are most welcome to post a solution set here.

Problem 1

If $c\cdot v=0$ and $c\neq 0,$

then $c^{-1}\cdot (c\cdot v)=0;$

thus $(c^{-1}\cdot c)\cdot v=0;$

thus $1\cdot v=0;$

thus $v=0.$

It should be remembered that "or" means "one or the other, or both."

Problem 2

(1)

$4i(1+i)=4i+4i^{2}=-4+4i$

${\frac {4i}{1+i}}={\frac {4i(1-i)}{(1+i)(1-i)}}={\frac {4+4i}{2}}=2+2i$

(2)

If $z^{2}=2i$ then $z=1+i\Rightarrow (1+i)^{2}=1+2i+i^{2}=2i$

(3)

$x=8,3$

Problem 3. First suppose $W_{1}\subset W_{2}$ or $W_{2}\subset W_{1}$, then $W_{1}\cup W_{2}$ equals $W_{2}$ or $W_{1}$. Either case $W_{1}\cup W_{2}$ is a subspace of $V$.

Now suppose $W_{1}\cup W_{2}$ is a subspace of $V$ and neither $W_{1}\subset W_{2}$ nor $W_{2}\subset W_{1}$. It must follow that $\exists \ x\in W_{1}$ s.t. $x$ is not in $W_{2}$ and $\exists \ y\in W_{2}$ s.t. $y$ is not in $W_{1}$. Since $x,y\in W_{1}\cup W_{2}$, $x+y\in W_{1}\cup W_{2}$. If $x+y\in W_{1}$, then $\exists \ -x\in W_{1}$ s.t. $(-x)+x+y\in W_{1}$ and $(-x)+x=0$, so $y\in W_{1}$, a contradiction. If $x+y\in W_{2}$, then $\exists \ -y\in W_{2}$ s.t. $x+y+(-y)\in W_{2}$ and $(-y)+y=0$, so $x\in W_{2}$, a contradiction. Therefore either $W_{1}\subset W_{2}$ or $W_{2}\subset W_{1}$.

Problem 4

Let $S_{1}=\{u_{1},\ldots ,u_{n}\}$ and $S_{2}=\operatorname {span} (S_{1})$.

Assume $S_{1}$ is linearly independent. Then $S_{1}$ is a basis, and by basis properties, $\forall x\in S_{2},\exists$ unique $a_{1},\ldots ,a_{n}\in F$ such that $a_{1}u_{1}+\ldots +a_{n}u_{n}=x$. $\forall a\in F$, $a=0$ or $a=1$, so there are two possibilities for every $a$. Therefore, $|S_{2}|=\underbrace {2\times \ldots \times 2} _{n}=2^{n}$, so $S_{1}$ is linearly independent $\Rightarrow |S_{2}|=2^{n}$.

Assume $S_{1}$ is linearly dependent. Then $\exists$ non-trivial $a_{i},\ldots ,a_{n}$ such that $a_{1}u_{1}+\ldots +a_{n}u_{n}=0$. Since 0 has at least two representations, $|S_{2}|<2^{n}$. Hence, $S_{1}$ is linearly dependent $\Rightarrow |S_{2}|\neq 2^{n}$. By contrapositive, $|S_{2}|=2^{n}\Rightarrow S_{1}$ is linearly independent.

Hence, $S_{1}$ is linearly independent $\iff |S_{2}|=2^{n}$.

Problem 5

Recall that$f_{i}(x)=\prod _{k=0k\neq i}^{n}{\frac {x-c_{k}}{c_{i}-c_{k}}}$ and that $g(x)=\sum _{i=0}^{n}{b_{i}f_{i}}$

After tedious computation with the addition of eraser bits covering your paper, you should obtain the following:

$f_{0}(x)=-{\frac {1}{6}}(x^{3}-3x^{2}+2x)$

$f_{1}(x)={\frac {1}{2}}(x^{3}-2x^{2}-x+2)$

$f_{2}(x)=-{\frac {1}{2}}(x^{3}-x^{2}-2x)$

$f_{3}(x)={\frac {1}{6}}(x^{3}-x)$

Therefore,

$g(x)=5\cdot \left(-{\frac {1}{6}}(x^{3}-3x^{2}+2x)\right)+4\cdot {\frac {1}{2}}(x^{3}-2x^{2}-x+2)+3\cdot \left(-{\frac {1}{2}}(x^{3}-x^{2}-2x)\right)+8\cdot {\frac {1}{6}}(x^{3}-x)$

$\,\!=x^{3}-2x+4$