12-240/Classnotes for Thursday October 18: Difference between revisions
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The game of 15 is played as follows. Two players alternate choosing cards numbered between 1 and 9, with repetitions forbidden, so that the game ends at most after 9 moves (or four and a half rounds). The first player to have within her/his cards a set of precisely 3 cards that add up to 15 wins. |
The game of 15 is played as follows. Two players alternate choosing cards numbered between 1 and 9, with repetitions forbidden, so that the game ends at most after 9 moves (or four and a half rounds). The first player to have within her/his cards a set of precisely 3 cards that add up to 15 wins. |
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Does this game |
Does this game have a winning strategy? What is it? Who wins, the first to move or the second? Why am I asking this question at this particular time? |
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[[Image:12-240-DeckOfCards.png|center]] |
[[Image:12-240-DeckOfCards.png|center]] |
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{{12-240:Dror/Students Divider}} |
{{12-240:Dror/Students Divider}} |
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== Theorems == |
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1. If G generates, |G| <math>\ge \!\,</math> n and G contains a basis, |G|=n then G is a basis |
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===Linear transformation=== |
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2. If L is linearly independent, |L| <math>\le \!\,</math> n and L can be extended to be a basis. |L|=n => L is a basis. |
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'''Definition:''' |
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3.W <math>\subset \!\,</math> V a subspace then W is finite dimensioned and dim W <math>\le \!\,</math> dim V |
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A function L: V-> W is called a linear transformation if it preserve following structures: |
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If dim W = dim V, then V = W |
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If dim W < dim V, then any basis of W can be extended to be a basis of V |
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1) L(x + y)= L(x) + L(y) |
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Proof of W is finite dimensioned: |
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2) L(cx)= c.L(x) |
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Let L be a linearly independent subset of W which is of maximal size. |
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3) L(0 of V) = 0 of W |
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Fact about '''N''' |
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: Every subset A of '''N''', which is: |
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'''Proposition:''' |
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1. Non empty |
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1) property 2 => property 3 |
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== class note == |
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'''Proof:''' |
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1) take c= 0 in F and x=0 in V. Then L(cx)=cL(x) -> L(0 of F * 0 of V)=(0 of F)*L(0 of V)=0 of W |
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2)(=>)Assume L is linear transformation |
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L(cx + y)= L(cx) + L(y)= c*L(x) + L(y) |
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(<=) 1. Follows from L(c*x+y) = c*L(x)+L(y) by taking c=1 |
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2. Follows by taking y=0 |
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'''Examples''' |
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1. L: '''R'''^2 -> '''R'''^2 by |
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2. P,Q: P(F) |
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== lecture note on oct 18, uploaded by [[User:starash|starash]]== |
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<gallery> |
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Image:12-240-1018-2.jpg |page2 |
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</gallery> |
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== Lecture notes uploaded by [[User:Grace.zhu|gracez]] == |
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<gallery> |
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Image:12-240- |
Image:12-240-O18-1.jpg|Page 1 |
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Image:12-240-O18-2.jpg|Page 2 |
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</gallery> |
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Latest revision as of 20:40, 12 December 2012
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Riddle Along
The game of 15 is played as follows. Two players alternate choosing cards numbered between 1 and 9, with repetitions forbidden, so that the game ends at most after 9 moves (or four and a half rounds). The first player to have within her/his cards a set of precisely 3 cards that add up to 15 wins.
Does this game have a winning strategy? What is it? Who wins, the first to move or the second? Why am I asking this question at this particular time?
See also a video and the transcript of that video.
| Dror's notes above / Students' notes below |
Linear transformation
Definition:
A function L: V-> W is called a linear transformation if it preserve following structures:
1) L(x + y)= L(x) + L(y)
2) L(cx)= c.L(x)
3) L(0 of V) = 0 of W
Proposition:
1) property 2 => property 3
2) L: V -> W is a linear transformation iff c F, x, y V: L(cx + y)= cL(x) + L(y)
Proof:
1) take c= 0 in F and x=0 in V. Then L(cx)=cL(x) -> L(0 of F * 0 of V)=(0 of F)*L(0 of V)=0 of W
2)(=>)Assume L is linear transformation
L(cx + y)= L(cx) + L(y)= c*L(x) + L(y)
(<=) 1. Follows from L(c*x+y) = c*L(x)+L(y) by taking c=1
2. Follows by taking y=0
Examples
1. L: R^2 -> R^2 by
2. P,Q: P(F)
lecture note on oct 18, uploaded by starash
page1
page2
Lecture notes uploaded by gracez
Page 1
Page 2
