14-1100/Homework Assignment 5

DBN: Classes: 2014-15: 14-1100/Navigation Welcome to Math 1100! (additions to this web site no longer count towards good deed points) # Week of... Notes and Links 1 Sep 8 About This Class; Monday - Non Commutative Gaussian Elimination; Thursday - the category of groups, automorphisms and conjugations, images and kernels. 2 Sep 15 Monday - coset spaces, isomorphism theorems; Thursday - simple groups, Jordan-Holder decomposition series. 3 Sep 22 Monday - alternating groups, group actions, The Simplicity of the Alternating Groups, HW1, HW 1 Solutions, Class Photo; Thursday - group actions, Orbit-Stabilizer Thm, Class Equation. 4 Sep 29 Monday - Cauchy's Thm, Sylow 1; Thursday - Sylow 2. 5 Oct 6 Monday - Sylow 3, semi-direct products, braids; HW2; HW 2 Solutions; Thursday - braids, groups of order 12, Braids 6 Oct 13 No class Monday (Thanksgiving); Thursday - groups of order 12 cont'd. 7 Oct 20 Term Test; Term Test Solutions on Monday, HW3; HW 3 Solutions; Thursday - solvable groups, rings: defn's & examples. 8 Oct 27 Monday - functors, Cayley-Hamilton Thm, ideals, iso thm 1; Thursday - iso thms 2-4, integral domains, maximal ideals, One Theorem, Three Corollaries, Five Weeks 9 Nov 3 Monday - prime ideals, primes & irreducibles, UFD's, Euc.DomainFailed to parse (SVG (MathML can be enabled via browser plugin): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle \Rightarrow} PID, Thursday - Noetherian rings, PIDFailed to parse (SVG (MathML can be enabled via browser plugin): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle \Rightarrow} UFD, Euclidean Algorithm, modules: defn & examples, HW4, HW 4 Solutions 10 Nov 10 Monday - R is a PID iff R has a D-H norm, R-modules, direct sums, every f.g. module is given by a presentation matrix, Thursday - row & column reductions plus, existence part of Thm 1 in 1t3c5w handout. 11 Nov 17 Monday-Tuesday is UofT's Fall Break, HW5, Thursday - 1t3c5w handout cont'd, JCF Tricks & Programs handout 12 Nov 24 Monday - JCF Tricks & Programs cont'd, tensor products, Thursday - tensor products cont'd 13 Dec 1 End-of-Course Schedule; Monday - tensor products finale, extension/reduction of scalars, uniqueness part of Thm 1 in 1t3c5w, localization & fields of fractions; Wednesday is a "makeup Monday"!; Notes for Studying for the Final Exam Glossary of terms F Dec 15 The Final Exam Register of Good Deeds Add your name / see who's in! See Non Commutative Gaussian Elimination

This assignment is due at class time on Wednesday, December 3, 2014 (a "virtual Monday" and the last day of the semester).

Solve the following questions

Problem 1. Let Failed to parse (SVG (MathML can be enabled via browser plugin): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle M} be a module over a PID Failed to parse (SVG (MathML can be enabled via browser plugin): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle R} . Assume that Failed to parse (SVG (MathML can be enabled via browser plugin): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle M} is isomorphic to Failed to parse (SVG (MathML can be enabled via browser plugin): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle R^k\oplus R/\langle a_1\rangle\oplus R/\langle a_2\rangle\oplus\cdots\oplus R/\langle a_l\rangle} , with Failed to parse (SVG (MathML can be enabled via browser plugin): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle a_i} non-zero non-units and with $a_{1}\mid a_{2}\mid \cdots \mid a_{l}$. Assume also that $M$ is isomorphic to $R^{m}\oplus R/\langle b_{1}\rangle \oplus R/\langle b_{2}\rangle \oplus \cdots \oplus R/\langle b_{n}\rangle$, with $b_{i}$ non-zero non-units and with $b_{1}\mid b_{2}\mid \cdots \mid b_{l}$. Prove that $k=m$, that $l=n$, and that $a_{i}\sim b_{i}$ for each $i$.

Problem 2. Let $q$ and $p$ be primes in a PID $R$ such that $p\not \sim q$, let ${\hat {p}}$ denote the operation of "multiplication by $p$", acting on any $R$-module $M$, and let $s$ and $t$ be positive integers.

1. For each of the $R$-modules $R$, $R/\langle q^{t}\rangle$, and $R/\langle p^{t}\rangle$, determine $\ker {\hat {p}}^{s}$ and Failed to parse (SVG (MathML can be enabled via browser plugin): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle (R/\langle p\rangle)\otimes\ker\hat{p}^s} .
2. Explain why this approach for proving the uniqueness in the structure theorem for finitely generated modules fails.

Problem 3. (comprehensive exam, 2009) Find the tensor product of the Failed to parse (SVG (MathML can be enabled via browser plugin): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle {\mathbb C}[t]} modules Failed to parse (SVG (MathML can be enabled via browser plugin): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle {\mathbb C}[t,t^{-1}]} ("Laurent polynomials in Failed to parse (SVG (MathML can be enabled via browser plugin): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle t} ") and Failed to parse (SVG (MathML can be enabled via browser plugin): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle {\mathbb C}} (here Failed to parse (SVG (MathML can be enabled via browser plugin): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle t} acts on Failed to parse (SVG (MathML can be enabled via browser plugin): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle {\mathbb C}} as Failed to parse (SVG (MathML can be enabled via browser plugin): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle 0} ).

Problem 4. (from Selick) Show that if $R$ is a PID and Failed to parse (SVG (MathML can be enabled via browser plugin): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle S} is a multiplicative subset of Failed to parse (SVG (MathML can be enabled via browser plugin): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle R} then Failed to parse (SVG (MathML can be enabled via browser plugin): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle S^{-1}R} is also a PID.

Definition. The "rank" of a module Failed to parse (SVG (MathML can be enabled via browser plugin): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle M} over a (commutative) domain Failed to parse (SVG (MathML can be enabled via browser plugin): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle R} is the maximal number of Failed to parse (SVG (MathML can be enabled via browser plugin): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle R} -linearly-independent elements of Failed to parse (SVG (MathML can be enabled via browser plugin): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle M} . (Linear dependence and independence is defined as in vector spaces).

Definition. An element Failed to parse (SVG (MathML can be enabled via browser plugin): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle m} of a module $M$ over a commutative domain Failed to parse (SVG (MathML can be enabled via browser plugin): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle R} is called a "torsion element" if there is a non-zero Failed to parse (SVG (MathML can be enabled via browser plugin): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle r\in R} such that Failed to parse (SVG (MathML can be enabled via browser plugin): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle rm=0} . Let Failed to parse (SVG (MathML can be enabled via browser plugin): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle \mbox{Tor }M} denote the set of all torsion elements of Failed to parse (SVG (MathML can be enabled via browser plugin): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle M} . (Check that Failed to parse (SVG (MathML can be enabled via browser plugin): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle \mbox{Tor }M} is always a submodule of Failed to parse (SVG (MathML can be enabled via browser plugin): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle M} , but don't bother writing this up). A module Failed to parse (SVG (MathML can be enabled via browser plugin): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle M} is called a "torsion module" if Failed to parse (SVG (MathML can be enabled via browser plugin): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle M=\mbox{Tor }M} .

Problem 5. (Dummit and Foote, page 468) Let Failed to parse (SVG (MathML can be enabled via browser plugin): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle M} be a module over a commutative domain Failed to parse (SVG (MathML can be enabled via browser plugin): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle R} .

1. Suppose that $M$ has rank $n$ and that $x_{1},\ldots x_{n}$ is a maximal set of linearly independent elements of Failed to parse (SVG (MathML can be enabled via browser plugin): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle M} . Show that Failed to parse (SVG (MathML can be enabled via browser plugin): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle \langle x_1,\ldots x_n\rangle} is isomorphic to Failed to parse (SVG (MathML can be enabled via browser plugin): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle R^n} and that Failed to parse (SVG (MathML can be enabled via browser plugin): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle M/\langle x_1,\ldots x_n\rangle} is a torsion module.
2. Conversely show that if Failed to parse (SVG (MathML can be enabled via browser plugin): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle M} contains a submodule Failed to parse (SVG (MathML can be enabled via browser plugin): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle N} which is isomorphic to Failed to parse (SVG (MathML can be enabled via browser plugin): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle R^n} for some Failed to parse (SVG (MathML can be enabled via browser plugin): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle n} , and so that Failed to parse (SVG (MathML can be enabled via browser plugin): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle M/N} is torsion, then the rank of Failed to parse (SVG (MathML can be enabled via browser plugin): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle M} is Failed to parse (SVG (MathML can be enabled via browser plugin): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle n} .

Problem 6. (see also Dummit and Foote, page 469) Show that the ideal Failed to parse (SVG (MathML can be enabled via browser plugin): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle \langle 2,x\rangle} in Failed to parse (SVG (MathML can be enabled via browser plugin): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle R={\mathbb Z}[x]} , regarded as a module over Failed to parse (SVG (MathML can be enabled via browser plugin): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle R} , is finitely generated but cannot be written in the form Failed to parse (SVG (MathML can be enabled via browser plugin): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle R^k\oplus\bigoplus R/\langle p_i^{s_i}\rangle} .