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\par\noindent{\small {\bf Tip. } Don't start working! Read the whole exam first. You may wish to start with the questions that are easiest for you.}

\vfill\par\noindent{\small {\bf Tip. } Neatness, cleanliness and organization count, here and everywhere else!}

\vfill\par\noindent{\small {\bf Tip. } In math exams, ``show'' means ``prove''.}

\vfill\par\noindent{\small {\bf Tip. } In math exams, ``state'' means ``write the statement of, in full''.}

\vfill\par\noindent{\small {\bf Tip. } In math exams, yes/no answers must be accompanied with a proof.}

\vfill\par\noindent{\small {\bf Tip. } ``If and only if'' always means that there are two things to prove.}

\vfill\par\noindent{\small {\bf Tip. } Quote any theorem you use!}

\vfill\par\noindent{\small {\bf Tip. } As always in math exams, when proving a theorem you may freely assume anything that preceded it but you may not assume anything that followed it.}

\vfill\par\noindent{\small {\bf Tip. } Show all intermediate steps!}

\vfill\par\noindent{\small {\bf Tip. } No need to copy the statements to your notebook, and no need to justify your answers. Note that a
statement is considered ``true'' only if it is {\bf always} true, and not just {\bf sometimes}.}

\vfill\par\noindent{\small {\bf Tip. } It is always an excellent idea to substitute your solutions back into the equations and see if they really work.}

\vfill\par\noindent{\small {\bf Tip. } In math exams, ``find'' means ``find and explain how you found''.}

\vfill\par\noindent{\small {\bf Tip. } Here and almost always, a concise yet precise solution is better than a lengthy roundabout one.}

\vfill\par\noindent{\small {\bf Tip. } For this problem, you may freely use everything stated in class.}

\vfill\par\noindent{\small {\bf Tip. } ``There exists a unique'' means two things: ``there exists'', and ``if/once exists, it is unique''. Both require a proof!

\vfill\par\noindent{\small {\bf Tip. } Once you have finished writing an exam, if you have time left, it is always a good idea to go back and re-read and improve everything you have written, and perhaps even completely rewrite any parts that came out messy.}

\vfill\par\noindent{\small {\bf Tip. } No instructions were given as for {\em how} to compute, so you can use any method you wish.

\vfill\par\noindent{\small {\bf Tip. } You'd probably be wise to sketch your work: without that, you forfeit any chance of getting partial credit in case your end results are wrong.

\vfill\par\noindent{\small {\bf Tip. } You may want to start by writing ``draft solutions'' on the last pages of this notebook and only then write the perfected versions in the space left here for solutions.}

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