# Difference between revisions of "User:Sankaran/06-1350-HW4"

## Contents

### The Generators

Our generators are $T$, $R$, $\Phi$ and $B^{\pm}$:

 Picture Generator $T$ $R$ $\Phi$ $B^+$ $B^-$ Perturbation $t$ $r$ $\varphi$ $b^+$ $b^-$

(Thanks Zavosh for the nice picture)

### The Relations

#### The Reidemeister Move R2

(Courtesy of Andy)

In formulas, this is

$1 = (123)^\star B^- (132)^\star B^+.$

Linearized and written in functional form, this becomes

 $\rho_2(x_1,x_2,x_3) = - b^-(x_1,x_2,x_3) - b^+(x_1,x_3,x_2).$

#### The Reidemeister Move R3

(Picture and first example courtesy of Dror)

There are eight of these (each crossing in the picture can be + or - ). For example, if all the crossings are positive, the picture (with three sides of the shielding removed) is

In formulas, this is

$(1230)^\star B^+ (1213)^\star B^+ (1023)^\star B^+ = (1123)^\star B^+ (1203)^\star B^+ (1231)^\star B^+$.

Linearized and written in functional form, this becomes

 $\rho_3[+++](x_1, x_2, x_3, x_4) =$ $b^+(x_1,x_2,x_3) + b^+(x_1+x_3,x_2,x_4) + b^+(x_1,x_3,x_4)$ $- b^+(x_1+x_2,x_3,x_4) - b^+(x_1,x_2,x_4) - b^+(x_1+x_4,x_2,x_3).$

Here are the rest of them, linearized and in functional form - I think this is too many, but it's probably easier to write these out than to figure the relationships between them. Also, some better notation is needed.

$\rho_3[++-](x_1,x_2,x_3,x_4) = b^+(x_1,x_2,x_3) + b^+(x_1+x_3,x_2,x_4) + b^-(x_1,x_3,x_4) - b^-(x_1+x_2,x_3,x_4) - b^+(x_1,x_2,x_4) - b^+(x_1+x_4,x_2,x_3).$

$\rho_3[+-+](x_1,x_2,x_3,x_4) = b^+(x_1,x_2,x_3) + b^-(x_1+x_3,x_2,x_4) + b^+(x_1,x_3,x_4)- b^+(x_1+x_2,x_3,x_4) - b^-(x_1,x_2,x_4) - b^+(x_1+x_4,x_2,x_3).$

$\rho_3[-++](x_1,x_2,x_3,x_4) = b^-(x_1,x_2,x_3) + b^+(x_1+x_3,x_2,x_4) + b^+(x_1,x_3,x_4)- b^+(x_1+x_2,x_3,x_4) - b^+(x_1,x_2,x_4) - b^-(x_1+x_4,x_2,x_3).$

$\rho_3[+--](x_1,x_2,x_3,x_4) = b^+(x_1,x_2,x_3) + b^-(x_1+x_3,x_2,x_4) + b^-(x_1,x_3,x_4)- b^-(x_1+x_2,x_3,x_4) - b^-(x_1,x_2,x_4) - b^+(x_1+x_4,x_2,x_3).$

$\rho_3[-+-](x_1,x_2,x_3,x_4) = b^-(x_1,x_2,x_3) + b^+(x_1+x_3,x_2,x_4) + b^-(x_1,x_3,x_4)- b^-(x_1+x_2,x_3,x_4) - b^+(x_1,x_2,x_4) - b^-(x_1+x_4,x_2,x_3).$

$\rho_3[--+](x_1,x_2,x_3,x_4) = b^-(x_1,x_2,x_3) + b^-(x_1+x_3,x_2,x_4) + b^+(x_1,x_3,x_4)- b^+(x_1+x_2,x_3,x_4) - b^-(x_1,x_2,x_4) - b^-(x_1+x_4,x_2,x_3).$

$\rho_3[---](x_1,x_2,x_3,x_4) = b^-(x_1,x_2,x_3) + b^-(x_1+x_3,x_2,x_4) + b^-(x_1,x_3,x_4)- b^-(x_1+x_2,x_3,x_4) - b^-(x_1,x_2,x_4) - b^-(x_1+x_4,x_2,x_3).$

#### The Reidemeister Move R4

(Courtesy of Andy)

There are two (ostensibly) different versions:

In formulas, this is

$(1230)^\star B^+ (1213)^\star B^+ (1023)^\star \Phi = (1123)^\star \Phi (1233)^\star B^+$.

Linearized and written in functional form, this becomes

 $\rho_{4a}(x_1,x_2,x_3,x_4) = b^+(x_1,x_2,x_3) + b^+(x_1+x_3,x_2,x_4) + \phi(x_1,x_3,x_4) - \phi(x_1+x_2,x_3,x_4) - b^+(x_1,x_2,x_3+x_4).$

Second:

In formulas, this is

$(1123)^\star B^+ (1203)^\star B^+ (1231)^\star \Phi = (1230)^\star \Phi (1223)^\star B^+$.

Linearized and written in functional form, this becomes

 $\rho_{4b}(x_1,x_2,x_3,x_4) = b^+(x_1+x_2,x_3,x_4) + b^+(x_1,x_2,x_4) + \phi(x_1+x_4,x_2,x_3) - \phi(x_1,x_2,x_3) - b^+(x_1,x_2+x_3,x_4).$

### The Syzygies

#### The "B around B" Syzygy

The picture, with all shielding removed, is

 (Drawn with Inkscape)(note that lower quality pictures are also acceptable)

The functional form of this syzygy is

 $BB(x_1,x_2,x_3,x_4,x_5) =$ $\rho_3(x_1, x_2, x_3, x_5) + \rho_3(x_1 + x_5, x_2, x_3, x_4) - \rho_3(x_1 + x_2, x_3, x_4, x_5)$ $- \rho_3(x_1, x_2, x_4, x_5) - \rho_3(x_1 + x_4, x_2, x_3, x_5) - \rho_3(x_1, x_2, x_3, x_4)$ $+ \rho_3(x_1, x_3, x_4, x_5) + \rho_3(x_1 + x_3, x_2, x_4, x_5).$

### A Mathematica Verification

The following simulated Mathematica session proves that for our single relation and single syzygy, $d^2=0$. Copy paste it into a live Mathematica session to see that it's right!

 In[1]:= d1 = { rho3[x1_, x2_, x3_, x4_] :> bp[x1, x2, x3] + bp[x1 + x3, x2, x4] + bp[x1, x3, x4] - bp[x1 + x2, x3, x4] - bp[x1, x2, x4] - bp[x1 + x4, x2, x3] }; d2 = { BAroundB[x1_, x2_, x3_, x4_, x5_] :> rho3[x1, x2, x3, x5] + rho3[x1 + x5, x2, x3, x4] - rho3[x1 + x2, x3, x4, x5] - rho3[x1, x2, x4, x5] - rho3[x1 + x4, x2, x3, x5] - rho3[x1, x2, x3, x4] + rho3[x1, x3, x4, x5] + rho3[x1 + x3, x2, x4, x5] };
 In[3]:= BAroundB[x1, x2, x3, x4, x5] /. d2 Out[3]= - rho3[x1, x2, x3, x4] + rho3[x1, x2, x3, x5] - rho3[x1, x2, x4, x5] + rho3[x1, x3, x4, x5] - rho3[x1 + x2, x3, x4, x5] + rho3[x1 + x3, x2, x4, x5] - rho3[x1 + x4, x2, x3, x5] + rho3[x1 + x5, x2, x3, x4]
 In[4]:= BAroundB[x1, x2, x3, x4, x5] /. d2 /. d1 Out[4]= 0