15-344/Classnotes for Tuesday September 15

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We mostly went over Day One Handout today.

Dror's notes above / Students' notes below


Lecture Note for September 15

DEFINITION 1 Graph A graph is a set (usually finite, "vertices") along with a set ("edges") of unordered pairs of distinct elements of .


DEFINITION 2 Incident If an edge , we say that is incident to and .


DEFINITION 3 N-valent In a graph , a vertex is called bivalent if it is incident to precisely two edges and n-valent if incident to precisely n edges, where .


DEFINITION 4 Edge Cover An edge cover for graph is a subset such that every edge of incident to at least one vertex in .


DEFINITION 5 Independent Let be a graph. A subset is called independent if whenever , then .


THEOREM 1 Edge covers are complementary to independent sets. In other words, is an edge cover if and only if the complementary subset is an independent set.


Proof Assume is an edge cover. I assert that is independent. Indeed, if , then since is an edge cover, either or , which implies does not connect any two elements of

Assume is independent. Pick any edge . As is independent, does not connect any two members of . Hence, either or , which implies is incident to an element of . QED