Difference between revisions of "12-240/Classnotes for Thursday September 27"

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=== Rough sketches for proofs ===
 
=== Rough sketches for proofs ===
  
 +
1.a Same as for fields
  
 +
1.b
  
  

Revision as of 21:43, 27 September 2012

Vector Spaces

Contents

Reminders

- Tag yourself in the photo!

- Read along textbook 1.1 to 1.4

- Riddle: Professor in ring with lion around the perimeter. Consider this: http://mathforum.org/library/drmath/view/63421.html

Vector space axioms

(Quick recap)

VS1. x + y = y + x

VS2. (x + y) + z = x + (y + z)

VS3. 0 vector

VS4. + inverse → -

VS5. 1x = x

VS6. a(bx) = (ab)x

VS7. a(x + y) = ax + ay

VS8. (a+b)x = ax + bx

Theorems

1.a x + z = y + z ⇒ x = y

1.b ax = ay, a ≠ 0, ⇒ x = y

1.c ax = bx, x ≠ 0, ⇒ a = b


2. 0 is unique.


3. Additive inverse is unique.


4. 0_F ∙ x = 0_V


5. a ∙ 0_V = 0_V


6. (-a) x = -(ax) = a(-x)


7. cx = 0 ⇔ c = 0 or x = 0_V


Rough sketches for proofs

1.a Same as for fields

1.b


Subspaces

Definition: Let V be a vector space over a field F. A subspace W of V is a subset of V, has the operations inherited from V and 0_V of V, is itself a vector space.


Theorem: A subset W ⊂ V, W ≠ {∅}, is a subspace iff it is closed under the operations of V.

1. ∀ x, y ∈ W, x + y ∈ W

2. ∀ c ∈ F, ∀ x ∈ W, cx ∈ W